For more than two thousand years, as WU QING reminds us, China was ruled by men, not laws, and women were subject to men. These are stubborn traditions. China's communist revolution sought to eliminate feudalism and brought women the right to vote and be educated. Yet in the People's Republic of China today, many women cannot exercise these rights and people still strive for the rule of law. Wu Qing, teacher and People's Deputy, speaks out for the rule of law and is helping China's women take their proper place in the national society-an equal place.
The daughter of prominent intellectuals, WU came of age in the early years of the People's Republic and studied English at the Beijing Foreign Language Institute, now a university. Graduating in 1960, she joined the school's faculty and became a beloved professor in a career spanning forty years. In the late 1970s, she became famous as China's TV English teacher on state television.
A program in community leadership at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology led WU to activism. In 1984, she sought and won a seat in the Haidian District People's Congress, to represent the university. The following year, she formed the Women's Studies Forum, one of China's first nongovernmental organizations.
Through the Forum, WU began actively to address women's issues in China. She traveled widely to promote gender awareness and women's self-improvement and, in 1989, helped launch China's first university course on feminism. With colleagues in Beijing, she set up a hotline to help women confront problems of family planning, childcare, sexual harassment, and divorce. In the countryside, she discovered the appalling plight of China's poor rural women, who contribute 65 percent of the country's labor yet who are often illiterate and subject to arranged marriages-a fate WU likens to sexual slavery. In 1999, WU helped establish a training center where rural women and out-of-school girls learn livelihood skills for economic independence; nearly eight hundred have attended. WU's recent efforts focus on grassroots literacy, micro-credit, gender, and legal training projects. "After Professor Wu spoke in my village," says one young woman, "I came to her school. She saved my life."
The women's movement, WU stresses, is part of China's democratic movement. This is why she urges women everywhere in China to become literate, to vote, and to stand for election.
As a People's Deputy herself, WU vowed not to be a rubber stamp. She studied the Constitution and discovered that deputies are powerful. Indeed, they are explicitly mandated to supervise the work of government officials. WU thus began asserting herself, insisting that China's laws be honored and not casually overridden by the authorities. In her district, she took up a hundred small but urgent matters, from improving safety on campus to repairing the faculty bathrooms. WU met with her constituents weekly and, working without a salary or staff, meticulously recorded and acted upon their concerns. She still does, having been reelected four times and elected three times to the higher Beijing Municipal People's Congress. In Haidian, when some long-ignored problem is suddenly put to right, people are apt to say, "Ah, Deputy WU is on the job."
Deputy WU is frankly outspoken and has occasionally challenged China's senior authorities. But for the most part, she works at the grassroots. Her copy of the constitution is worn from constant use. After all, she says, "My power comes from the constitution." But with a keen eye to the everyday ways of democracy, she also says, "I have to work for my constituents. Otherwise, why should they vote for me?"
In electing WU QING to receive the 2001 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service, the board of trustees recognizes her path breaking advocacy on behalf of women and the rule of law in the People's Republic of China.
